🌐 Global Governance & Peace Alliances Chronological History Timeline

Chronological Timeline (119 Entries)

1. [1118] Knights Templar — They were founded in 1118 to defend pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem, with their headquarters located there on the Temple Mount, and existed for nearly two centuries during the Middle Ages.
2. [1185] Bulgaria — A successful Bulgarian revolt in 1185 established a Second Bulgarian Empire, which reached its apex under Ivan Asen II (1218–1241).
3. [1217] Serbia — The Serbian Kingdom was established in 1217, reaching its territorial apex in 1346 as the Serbian Empire.
4. [1392] South Korea — The Goryeo dynasty (918–1392) achieved lasting unification and established the basis for Korean identity.
5. [1521] New Spain — After the 1521 Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, conqueror Hernán Cortés named the territory New Spain, and established the new capital, MexicoLINK_5@@, on the site of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire.
6. [1521] Viceroyalty of New Spain — After the 1521 Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, conqueror Hernán Cortés named the territory New Spain, and established the new capital, MexicoLINK_5@@, on the site of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Aztec Empire.
7. [1606] Union Jack — The origins of the flag date to the earlier flag of Great Britain which was established in 1606 by a proclamation of King James VI and I of Scotland and England.
8. [1739] Viceroyalty of New Granada — The territory corresponding to Panama was incorporated in 1739.
9. [1763] Dominica — Great Britain took possession in 1763 after the Seven Years' War and continued the legacy of forced labor to gain wealth, and gradually established English as its official language.
10. [1806] Vienna — During the 16th century, the Habsburgs, who had succeeded the Babenbergs, established Vienna as the seat of the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, a position it held until the empire's dissolution in 1806, with only a brief interruption.
11. [1847] First Liberian Civil War — Doe established a military regime called the People's Redemption Council and enjoyed support from Liberian ethnic groups who were denied power since the founding of Liberia in 1847.
12. [1848] Self-determination — The European revolutions of 1848, the post–World War I settlement at Versailles, and the decolonization movement after World War II shaped and established the norm in international law.
13. [1858] British Raj — This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India).
14. [1861] Italy — After centuries of political and territorial divisions, the Kingdom of Italy was established in 1861, following wars of independence and the Expedition of the Thousand.
15. [1863] Henry Dunant — In February 1863, Dunant was a member of a five-person committee that sought to put his plan into action, which in effect founded the organization that would become the International Committee of the Red Cross.
16. [1873] Institut de Droit International — Established in 1873, it was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1904.
17. [1875] South Seas Mandate — By 1875, ships from the newly established Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) began to hold training missions in the area.
18. [1890] Ernesto Teodoro Moneta — In 1890 he founded the Lombard Association for Peace and Arbitration (Unione Lombarda per la Pace e l'Arbitrato), which called for disarmament and envisaged the creation of a League of Nations and Permanent Court of Arbitration.
19. [1907] Ahn Chang Ho — As a dedicated Protestant social activist, Ahn established the influential Korean independence organization, Shinminhoe, upon returning to Korea in 1907.
20. [1908] Belgian colonial empire — The colony was founded in 1908 following the transfer of sovereignty from the Congo Free State, which was the personal property of Belgium's king, Leopold II.
21. [1908] Vincent Auriol — A committed socialist, Auriol co-founded the newspaper Le Midi Socialiste in 1908; he was head of the Association of Journalists in Toulouse at this time.
22. [1910] French Equatorial Africa — Established in 1910, the Federation contained four colonial possessions: French Gabon, French Congo, Ubangi-Shari and French Chad.
23. [1912] Republic of China (1912–1949) — The Republic of China established its governance over mainland China on 1 January 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution, which overthrew the Manchu-led Qing dynasty and ended China's imperial history.
24. [1916] Togoland campaign — In 1916, Togoland was partitioned by the victors and in July 1922, British Togoland and French Togoland were established as League of Nations mandates.
25. [1918] Austrian Armed Forces — In 1918, the Republic of German-Austria established a military known as the German-Austrian People's Militia or Deutschösterreichische Volkswehr ("People's Defence").
26. [1918] French Mandate of Syria — Faisal established the first new postwar Arab government in Damascus in October 1918, and named Ali Rikabi a military governor.
27. [1918] Latvia — After centuries of Teutonic, Swedish, Polish-Lithuanian, and Russian rule, the independent Republic of Latvia was established on 18 November 1918 after breaking away from the Russian Empire in the aftermath of World War I.
28. [1918] Treaty of Berlin (1921) — At the end of the war in November 1918, the German monarchy was overthrown and Germany was established as a republic.
29. [1919] League of Nations mandate — The mandate system was established under Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, signed on 28 June 1919 and entered into force on 10 January 1920.
30. [1920] Azerbaijan — In 1920, the country was conquered and incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan SSR.
31. [1920] European integration — In the early 1920s a range of international organisations were founded (or re-founded) to help like-minded political parties to coordinate their activities.
32. [1920] Great Syrian Revolt — In March 1920 the Hashemites officially established the Kingdom of Syria with Faisal as king and the capital in Damascus.
33. [1920] Paulette Nardal — She was the first black person to study at the Sorbonne in 1920 and with her sisters established an influential literary salon, Le Salon de Clamart, which explored the experiences of the African diaspora.
34. [1920] United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees — The League of Nations, founded in January 1920, was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
35. [1921] Guccio Gucci — In 1921, he founded the House of Gucci in Florence on Via della Vigna Nuova as a small family-owned leather shop.
36. [1921] Republic of Mirdita — The Albanian–Yugoslav border war of 1921 arose from disputes over the borders of the newly established Principality of Albania after the First Balkan War.
37. [1923] Memel territory — In 1923, fearing that the western powers would create a free state, Lithuanians took control of the region and, as part of larger regional negotiations, incorporated the region into the State of Lithuania.
38. [1924] Saint Lucia — Representative government was introduced in 1924 with universal suffrage being established in 1951.
39. [1929] International Convention for the Suppression of Counterfeiting Currency — The treaty itself was established as a 1929 League of Nations agreement, aiming to criminalize acts of currency counterfeiting across signatory states.
40. [1930] Nansen International Office for Refugees — The Office International Nansen pour les Réfugiés was established in 1930 by the League of Nations, shortly after the death of its name patron Fridtjof Nansen to continue his successful work in international aid for refugee.
41. [1932] Japanese invasion of Manchuria — At the war's end in February 1932, the Japanese established the puppet state of Manchukuo.
42. [1935] Mary McLeod Bethune — Bethune established the National Council of Negro Women in 1935, launching the Aframerican Women's Journal as its primary publication.
43. [1936] Italian Empire — italian empire a colonial empire established by italy, peaking between 1936 and 1941.
44. [1944] Lester B. Pearson — He established an early career within the Department of External Affairs, which included serving as the Canadian ambassador to the United States between 1944 and 1946.
45. [1944] Xinjiang conflict — The Second East Turkestan Republic was later founded in 1944 with the support of the Soviet Union in the wake of the Ili Rebellion.
46. [1945] Inner German border — The inner German border was formally established by the Potsdam Agreement on 1 August 1945 as the boundary between the Western and Soviet occupation zones in Allied-occupied Germany.
47. [1945] International Court of Justice — The International Court of Justice (ICJ) was formally established in June 1945 by the Charter of the United Nations, marking a significant shift in global jurisprudence.
48. [1946] Albanian Subversion — The Russia Committee, established in 1946 by the British Foreign Office, was created to oppose the extension of Soviet control by promoting civil strife in Russia's western border nations.
49. [1946] Celâl Bayar — In 1946, he founded the center-right Democrat Party along with Adnan Menderes, Fuat Köprülü and Refik Koraltan.
50. [1946] Greek Civil War — greek civil war the 1946–1949 conflict pitting communist rebels against the established greek state.
51. [1946] Keflavik Agreement — The Keflavík Agreement was a significant diplomatic accord established in 1946.
52. [1946] Konrad Adenauer — From 1946 to 1966, he was the first leader of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), a newly founded Christian democratic party, which became the dominant force in the country under his leadership.
53. [1947] Free Territory of Trieste — The territory was established on 10 February 1947, by a protocol of the Treaty of Peace with Italy, to accommodate an ethnically and culturally mixed population in a neutral independent country.
54. [1947] Jerusalem — Under the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Jerusalem was to be "established as a corpus separatum under a special international regime" administered by the United Nations.
55. [1948] Aftermath of World War II — The State of Israel was also established following the disestablishment of the British-ruled Mandatory Palestine and the 1948 Palestine War.
56. [1948] Arab–Israeli conflict — The 1948 Palestine war ended with the 1949 Armistice Agreements, which established the Green Line.
57. [1948] First Republic of South Korea — The First Republic was founded on 15 August 1948, and it became the first independent republican government in Korea.
58. [1948] Israeli–Palestinian conflict — During the ensuing 1948 Palestine war, the State of Israel was founded and more than half of the mandate's predominantly Palestinian Arab population fled or were expelled by Israeli forces, referred to by Palestinians as the Nakba.
59. [1949] Cold War — The USSR tested its first nuclear weapon in 1949, four years after the US used its own on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and allied with the People's Republic of China, founded in 1949.
60. [1949] Michio Kushi — After immigrating to America in 1949, Kushi and his wife established numerous organizations including Erewhon Natural Foods and the Kushi Institute.
61. [1950] Haile Selassie — He dissolved the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea, established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1950, and annexed Eritrea as one of Ethiopia's provinces, while also fighting to prevent Eritrean secession.
62. [1950] Haile Selassie of Ethiopia — He dissolved the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea, established by the United Nations General Assembly in 1950, and annexed Eritrea as one of Ethiopia's provinces, while also fighting to prevent Eritrean secession.
63. [1951] ANZUS Treaty — The ANZUS Treaty was established in 1951 as a cornerstone of the United States' broader strategy during the early Cold War period.
64. [1951] Soviet–Japanese Joint Declaration of 1956 — The Soviet Union did not sign the 1951 Treaty of Peace with Japan, which had re‑established peaceful relations between most other Allied Powers and Japan.
65. [1954] South Vietnam — Following the 1954 partition of Vietnam, it became known as South Vietnam and was established as a republic in 1955.
66. [1955] Non-Aligned Movement — Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the Non-Aligned Movement as an organization was founded on the Brijuni islands in Yugoslavia in 1956 and was formalized by signing the Declaration of Brijuni on 19 July 1956.
67. [1955] Southeast Asia Treaty Organization — The formal institution of SEATO was established on 19 February 1955 at a meeting of treaty partners in Bangkok, Thailand.
68. [1956] Nihon Hidankyo — Inspired and supported by this movement, atomic bomb survivors established Nihon Hidankyo on 10 August 1956, at the second annual conference of the council in Nagasaki.
69. [1957] Euratom — The European Atomic Energy Community (EAEC), known as Euratom, was established by the pivotal Euratom Treaty in 1957.
70. [1957] European Union — A major breakthrough occurred with the Treaty of Rome in 1957, which established the European Economic Community (EEC), deepening the commitment to a common market.
71. [1958] Aimé Césaire — Césaire established a significant political career, founding the Parti progressiste martiniquais in 1958.
72. [1958] Republic of Congo — The Republic of the Congo was established on 28 November 1958 and gained independence from France in 1960.
73. [1959] ETA (separatist group) — It was founded in 1959, during Francoist Spain, by a group of Basque nationalist students seeking to promote Basque identity and independence.
74. [1959] Sam Nujoma — In 1959, he co-founded and served as the first president of the Ovamboland People's Organization (OPO), a nationalist organization advocating for an independent Namibia.
75. [1959] United Arab Republic occupation of the Gaza Strip — Ultimately dissolved by Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1959, the All-Palestine Government was largely symbolic since it was established in 1948, but nonetheless garnered diplomatic recognition from most members of the Arab League.
76. [1961] Ikiza — Limited self-government was established in 1961.
77. [1961] World Food Programme — Founded in 1961, WFP is headquartered in Rome and has offices in 87 countries.
78. [1962] Ian Smith — He was initially a member of the Liberal Party, later joined the United Federal Party, and in 1962 co-founded the Rhodesian Front, which opposed immediate majority rule.
79. [1962] Massimo Moratti — Massimo Moratti (born 16 May 1945) is an Italian billionaire petroleum businessman, the former owner of Inter Milan and chairman of the Saras Group, founded in 1962 by his father, industrialist Angelo Moratti.
80. [1963] Ted Turner — Robert Edward Turner III established his media empire by taking over his father's billboard business in 1963.
81. [1964] Malta — The country gained independence in 1964, and established its current parliamentary republic in 1974.
82. [1964] Palestinian people — Founded in 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people before international states.
83. [1964] Palestinians — Founded in 1964, the Palestine Liberation Organization is an umbrella organization for groups that represent the Palestinian people before international states.
84. [1968] Meir Kahane — In 1968, he founded the Jewish Defense League (JDL) in New York City, whose self-described purpose was to fight antisemitism.
85. [1970] Dawood Ibrahim — He established himself as a prominent figure in organized crime, founding the notorious syndicate known as D-Company in Mumbai during the 1970s.
86. [1970] Roh Joo-hyun — His early film appearances, such as in 'Nobody Knows' (1970) and 'A Virgin Man' (1971), established him as a developing talent within the industry.
87. [1971] Kashmir conflict — After further fighting during the war of 1971, the Simla Agreement formally established the Line of Control between the territories under Indian and Pakistani control.
88. [1973] Caribbean Community — The organisation was established in 1973, by its four founding members signing the Treaty of Chaguaramas.
89. [1973] Giulio Andreotti — Domestically, he contained inflation following the 1973 oil crisis, founded the National Healthcare Service (Sistema Sanitario Nazionale) and combated terrorism during the Years of Lead.
90. [1974] Eritrean War of Independence — Following the Ethiopian Revolution in 1974, the Derg, led by Mengistu, abolished the Ethiopian Empire and established a Marxist-Leninist communist state.
91. [1975] West Germany — When the G6 was established in 1975, there was no serious debate as to whether West Germany would become a member.
92. [1976] Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam — The LTTE was subsequently founded in 1976 as a reaction to the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1972 which prescribed Buddhism as the primary religion of the country, and Sinhala as its national language.
93. [1977] European Patent Organisation — The European Patent Organisation (EPOrg) was established in 1977 by its contracting states.
94. [1978] Afghan conflict — However, all-out fighting did not erupt until after 1978, when the Saur Revolution violently overthrew Khan's government and established the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
95. [1978] Benjamin Netanyahu — After working with the Boston Consulting Group, Netanyahu returned to Israel in 1978 and established The Jonathan Institute.
96. [1980] Moria Casán — Since the mid-1980s, Casán has also established herself as an important TV personality, hosting various sketch comedy programs and talk shows throughout the years.
97. [1980] Republic of Zimbabwe — The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black rebel forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980.
98. [1980] Rwandan Civil War — A group of these refugees in Uganda founded the RPF which, under the leadership of Fred Rwigyema and Paul Kagame, became a battle-ready army by the late 1980s.
99. [1988] Second Nagorno-Karabakh War — Fighting began on the morning of 27 September, with an Azerbaijani offensive along the line of contact established in the aftermath of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War (1988–1994).
100. [1989] Ibrahim Rugova — He founded the political party Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) in 1989.
101. [1991] Amina J. Mohammed — She subsequently founded the Afri-Projects Consortium in 1991, where she held the role of Executive Director until 2001.
102. [1991] Isaias Afwerki — Having consolidated power within this group, he led pro-independence forces to victory on 24 May 1991, ending the 30-year-old war for independence from Ethiopia, before being elected president of the newly founded country of Eritrea two years later.
103. [1991] Somali Civil War — In 1991 and 1998, two autonomous regional governments were also established in the northern part of the country: Somaliland and Puntland.
104. [1992] Federal Republic of Yugoslavia — It was established on 27 April 1992 as a federation comprising the Republic of Serbia and the Republic of Montenegro, following the breakup of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFR Yugoslavia).
105. [1992] Radovan Karadžić — Trained as a psychiatrist, he co-founded the Serb Democratic Party in Bosnia and Herzegovina and served as the first president of Republika Srpska from 1992 to 1996.
106. [1995] General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade — It remained in effect until 1 January 1995, when the World Trade Organization (WTO) was established after agreement by 123 nations in Marrakesh on 15 April 1994, as part of the Uruguay Round Agreements.
107. [1996] Armenia–EU Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement — This initial legal framework, signed in 1996, established the basis for bilateral interactions between the two entities.
108. [1997] Sierra Leone Civil War — In May 1997, a group of disgruntled SLA officers staged a coup and established the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC) as the new government of Sierra Leone.
109. [2002] Viktor Yushchenko — After his dismissal as prime minister, Yushchenko went into opposition to President Kuchma and founded Our Ukraine Bloc, which at the 2002 parliamentary election became Ukraine's most popular political force.
110. [2006] Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi — Upon the dissolution of the MSC in October 2006, Baghdadi became a leading member of the newly established Islamic State of Iraq organization, and rose through the group's ranks until he was appointed its emir, the highest leader, in 2010.
111. [2007] Kofi Annan — After the end of his term as secretary-general, he founded the Kofi Annan Foundation in 2007 to work on international development.
112. [2011] Mohamed ElBaradei — After leaving the IAEA, ElBaradei founded the National Association for Change and became a prominent opposition figure during the 2011 Egyptian revolution.
113. [2012] Álvaro Uribe — In 2012 Uribe and a group of political allies founded the right-wing Democratic Center movement to contest the 2014 national elections.
114. [2013] Annalena Baerbock — She established her political career by being first elected to the Bundestag in 2013.
115. [2015] Swachh Bharat Mission — 2 of the Sustainable Development Goals Number 6 established by the United Nations in 2015.
116. [2017] Fei-Fei Li — Furthermore, she co-founded AI4ALL in 2017 to promote diversity within the AI sector.
117. [2022] Natalia Lafourcade — She incorporated elements of Latin jazz on De Todas las Flores (2022) and continued that exploration with Cancionera (2025).
118. [2023] Lee Chang-sub — In 2023, he founded Chang-Ggo Training Centre vocal academy in Suwon.
119. [2025] Jean-Marie Le Pen — Jean Louis Marie "Jean-Marie" Le Pen (French: [ʒɑ̃maʁi]; Breton: [lə pɛn]; 20 June 1928 – 7 January 2025) was a French politician who founded the far-right National Front (now National Rally) party.