🏛️ Philosophy & Foundational Thought Chronological History Timeline

Seminal philosophical treatises that shaped human metaphysics, ethics, reason, and moral foundations from antiquity to modernity.

📖 World Literature & Timeless Novels 🔬 Scientific Breakthroughs & Seminal Papers ⚖️ Political & Economic Classics 🪐 Dystopian & Sci-Fi Visions 🎭 Epic Poetry & Master Dramas 📜 Historical Chronicles & Memoirs 🧠 Psychology & The Human Mind

Chronological Timeline (168 Entries)

[1247] Qin Jiushao — His seminal work, the Shùshū Jiǔzhāng, published in 1247 CE, remains a vital text addressing complex mathematical problems and practical applications for surveying and military strategy.
[1313] Wang Zhen (inventor) — His seminal work, the Nong Shu or Book of Agriculture, published in 1313, documented not only farming techniques but also a wide array of subjects.
[1368] Guy de Chauliac — 1300 – 25 July 1368), was a French physician and surgeon who wrote a lengthy and influential treatise on surgery in Latin, titled Chirurgia magna.
[1503] Amerigo Vespucci — In 1503 and 1505, two booklets were published under his name containing colourful descriptions of these explorations and other voyages.
[1537] Ambroise Paré — In his personal notes about the care he delivered to Captain Rat, in the Piémont campaign (1537–1538), Paré wrote: Je le pansai, Dieu le guérit ("I bandaged him and God healed him").
[1546] Georgius Agricola — For his groundbreaking work De Natura Fossilium published in 1546, he is generally referred to as the father of mineralogy and the founder of geology as a scientific discipline.
[1575] Captaincy General of Chile — In the 16th century Pedro Marino de Lobera, “Corregidor de Valdivia”, 1575 wrote the Chronicles of the Kingdom of Chile.
[1578] Ruthenia — Danish diplomat Jacob Ulfeldt, who traveled to Muscovy in 1578 to meet with Tsar Ivan IV, titled his posthumously (1608) published memoir Hodoeporicon Ruthenicum ("Voyage to Ruthenia").
[1607] Claudio Monteverdi — His opera L'Orfeo (1607) is the earliest of the genre still widely performed; towards the end of his life he wrote works for Venice, including Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea.
[1620] Nial O'Glacan — O'Glacan relocated to France in the 1620s, where he published his treatise Tractatus de Peste concerning plague treatment.
[1622] Théophile de Viau — He further published a collection of poems titled Le Parnasse satyrique in 1622, despite some authorship disputes.
[1632] Yagyū Munenori — In about 1632, Munenori completed the Heihō kadensho (A Hereditary Book on the Art of War), a treatise on practical Shinkage-ryū swordsmanship and how it could be applied on a macro level to life and politics.
[1637] Cogito, ergo sum — He originally published it in French as je pense, donc je suis in his 1637 Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed.
[1656] Christiaan Huygens — Huygens first identified the correct laws of elastic collision in his work De Motu Corporum ex Percussione, completed in 1656 but published posthumously in 1703.
[1668] Francesco Redi — His most famous experiments are described in his magnum opus Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl'insetti (Experiments on the Generation of Insects), published in 1668.
[1675] Marcello Malpighi — The Royal Society of London published two volumes of his botanical and zoological works in 1675 and 1679.
[1681] Diplomatics — The word diplomatics was effectively coined by the Benedictine monk Jean Mabillon, who in 1681 published his treatise, De re diplomatica (Latin: roughly, "The Study of Documents").
[1687] Isaac Newton — His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, achieved the first great unification in physics and established classical mechanics.
[1693] Flag of Russia — The design was first introduced by Tsar Peter the Great in 1693, and in 1705 it was adopted as the civil ensign of the Tsardom of Russia; the flag continued to be used as a civil ensign under the Russian Empire.
[1709] George Berkeley — In 1709, Berkeley published his first major work An Essay Towards a New Theory of Vision, in which he discussed the limitations of human vision and advanced the theory that the proper objects of sight are not material objects, but light and colour.
[1735] Vasily Trediakovsky — His most celebrated work is the theoretical treatise published in 1735, 'A New and Brief Way for Composing of Russian Verses'.
[1740] Denis Diderot — In the 1740s he wrote many of his best-known works in fiction and non-fiction, including the 1748 novel Les Bijoux indiscrets (The Indiscreet Jewels).
[1759] Horace Bénédict de Saussure — After attending the "Collège" of his hometown, he completed his studies at the Geneva Academy in 1759 with a dissertation on heat (Dissertatio physica de igne).
[1765] James Beattie (poet) — He published the volume The Judgment of Paris in 1765, which garnered attention for his literary talents.
[1765] William Blackstone — In November 1765 he published the first of four volumes of Commentaries on the Laws of England, considered his magnum opus; the completed work earned Blackstone £14,000 (£2.
[1777] Marquis de Sade — During his first extended imprisonment from 1777 to 1790, he wrote a series of novels and other works, some of which his wife smuggled out of prison.
[1789] Friedrich Schiller — In 1789, he became professor of History and Philosophy at the University of Jena, where he wrote historical works.
[1790] Flag of Italy — The Italian tricolour, like other tricolour flags, is inspired by the French one, introduced by the revolution in 1790 on French Navy warships, and is symbolic of the renewal perpetrated by the origins of Jacobinism.
[1794] Novalis — Novalis completed his law degree in 1794 at the age of 22.
[1807] Maritime republics — Swiss historian Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi introduced the expression and focused on the corresponding concept in his 1807 work History of the Italian Republics of the Middle Centuries.
[1811] First Republic of Venezuela — The congress of Venezuela declared the nation's independence on 5 July 1811, and later wrote a constitution for it.
[1813] José María Morelos — In 1813, Morelos wrote Sentimientos de la Nación, a document influenced by the Constitution of Cádiz where he outlined his program for the Mexican nation.
[1820] Carlo Blasis — He published an analysis of the ballet techniques in 1820, in a work named Traité élémentaire, théorique, et pratique de l'art de la danse ("Elementary, Theoretical, and Practical Treatise on the Art of the Dance").
[1821] Peru — Peru formally proclaimed independence from Spain in 1821, and following the military campaigns of Bernardo O'Higgins, José de San Martín, and Simón Bolívar, as well as the decisive battle of Ayacucho, it completed its independence in 1824.
[1830] Ludwig Feuerbach — His academic career was cut short in 1830 when his anonymously published first book, Thoughts on Death and Immortality, was condemned as scandalous for its attack on the concept of personal immortality.
[1834] Patriote movement — In 1834, Louis-Joseph Papineau drafted the Ninety-Two Resolutions to United Kingdom to obtain these and other aims.
[1836] British Hong Kong — In 1836, the imperial government of the Qing dynasty undertook a major policy review of the opium trade, which had been first introduced to the Chinese by Persian then Islamic traders over many centuries.
[1840] Pierre-Joseph Proudhon — Recherche sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement), published in 1840.
[1844] Flag of Turkey — The white star and crescent moon on red as the flag of the Ottoman Empire were introduced in 1844.
[1844] Max Stirner — Despite academic struggles, he established himself as an influential thinker and published his seminal work, The Ego and Its Own, in 1844.
[1848] Friedrich Engels — He is best known for his lifelong collaboration with Karl Marx, with whom he co-authored The Communist Manifesto (1848) and developed the political and philosophical system that came to be known as Marxism.
[1849] Richard Wagner — Wagner outlined those ideas in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852, most fully realising them in the first half of his four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung).
[1852] Eugenio María de Hostos — Hostos completed his secondary studies in Bilbao, Spain, by 1852.
[1857] Ferdinand Lassalle — Lassalle also authored several major intellectual works, including the philosophical treatise Heraclitus the Obscure (1857) and the legal study The System of Acquired Rights (1861).
[1858] Gottlob Frege — Though he was largely ignored during his lifetime, Giuseppe Peano (1858–1932), Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), and, to some extent, Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889–1951) introduced his work to later generations of philosophers.
[1866] Gregor Mendel — He published his work in 1866, demonstrating the actions of invisible "factors"—now called genes—in predictably determining the traits of an organism.
[1870] Camille Jordan — His Traité des substitutions, on permutation groups, was published in 1870; this treatise won for Jordan the 1870 prix Poncelet.
[1877] Helena Blavatsky — In 1877, she published Isis Unveiled, a book outlining her Theosophical world-view.
[1884] Bolesław Prus — Achieving success, he proceeded to a larger canvas: between 1884 and 1895, he completed four major novels: The Outpost, The Doll, The New Woman, and Pharaoh.
[1889] Ernst Zermelo — He completed his secondary education in 1889, subsequently pursuing studies across mathematics, physics, and philosophy at several prominent German universities.
[1893] F. H. Bradley — His celebrated work, Appearance and Reality, published in 1893, defined his career peak.
[1899] Houston Stewart Chamberlain — Chamberlain's most significant work was the two-volume Die Grundlagen des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, published in 1899.
[1900] Banana Wars — Langley wrote several books on Latin American history and American intervention, including: The United States and the Caribbean, 1900–1970 and The Banana Wars: An Inner History of American Empire, 1900–1934.
[1902] Bolshevik — In Germany, the book was published in 1902, but in Russia, strict censorship outlawed its publication and distribution.
[1902] Bolsheviks — In Germany, the book was published in 1902, but in Russia, strict censorship outlawed its publication and distribution.
[1903] Friedrich Gundolf — He received his doctorate in 1903 and completed his Habilitation (attainment of professor's status) eight years later.
[1903] Panama — With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914.
[1904] Eurico Gaspar Dutra — Although he was expelled in 1904 for involvement in the Vaccine Revolt uprising, he was subsequently pardoned and completed his training in 1906.
[1904] Moritz Schlick — He ultimately completed his doctoral thesis in 1904, demonstrating a focus on empirical knowledge derived from mathematical physicsINK_0@@.
[1905] Lev Shestov — \n\nHis most significant contributions are found in his published works, including Apotheosis of Groundlessness in 1905 and his magnum opus, Athens and Jerusalem, spanning from 1930 to 1937.
[1905] Max Born — In 1905, he began researching special relativity_0@@ with Minkowski, and subsequently wrote his habilitation thesis on the Thomson model of the atom.
[1908] Anna Louise Strong — By 1908, she completed her studies, earning a PhD in philosophy from the University of Chicago.
[1917] Red Army — In September 1917, Vladimir Lenin wrote:"There is only one way to prevent the restoration of the police, and that is to create a people's militia and to fuse it with the army (the standing army to be replaced by the arming of the entire people).
[1917] Sinai and Palestine campaign — In January 1917 the newly formed Desert Column completed the recapture of the Sinai at the Battle of Rafa.
[1917] Wang Jingwei — Returning to China in 1917, he rejoined Sun's inner circle and in 1925 drafted his political testament.
[1918] Diplomatic history — The Bolsheviks in Russia published key secret papers from the Allies in 1918 and other governments commissioned carefully edited, multivolume collections of key documents in their possession.
[1918] Norman Lindsay — When friend and literary critic Bertram Stevens argued that children like to read about fairies rather than food, Lindsay wrote and illustrated The Magic Pudding (1918), now considered a classic work of Australian children's literature.
[1918] Oswald Spengler — He is best known for his two-volume work The Decline of the West (Der Untergang des Abendlandes), published in 1918 and 1922, covering human history.
[1919] Alfonso Caso — Caso completed a law degree in 1919 and immediately started teaching at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.
[1919] Hammer and sickle — In 1919, the new Republic of Austria introduced a sickle and a hammer to its coat of arms, one in each talon of its supporting eagle, to represent the farming and industrial classes.
[1919] Karl Barth — Romans I), published in 1919, in which he resolved to read the New Testament differently.
[1919] Mao Zedong — He was introduced to Marxism while working as a librarian at Peking University, and later participated in the May Fourth Movement of 1919.
[1919] Upton Sinclair — In 1919, he published The Brass Check, a muckraking exposé of American journalism that publicized the issue of journalistic malpractice in the United States.
[1922] Bronisław Malinowski — Returning to England after World War I, he published his principal work, Argonauts of the Western Pacific (1922), which established him as one of Europe's most important anthropologists.
[1923] Emma Goldman — She left the Soviet Union and in 1923 published a book about her experiences, My Disillusionment in Russia.
[1925] Aron Nimzowitsch — Nimzowitsch authored the highly influential treatise, My System, between 1925 and 1927.
[1925] Olaf Stapledon — Stapledon was awarded a PhD degree in philosophy from the University of Liverpool in 1925 and used his doctoral thesis as the basis for his first published prose book, A Modern Theory of Ethics (1929).
[1928] Paul Dirac — Dirac formulated the Dirac equation, one of the most important results in physicsINK_0@@, in 1928.
[1929] Edmund Wilson — " Wilson also authored a novel, I Thought of Daisy (1929) and a collection of short stories, Memoirs of Hecate County (1946).
[1929] Weimar Republic — During the interwar period in the Anglophone world, the republic was usually simply called "Germany", with "Weimar Republic" (a term introduced by Adolf Hitler in 1929) not commonly used until the 1930s.
[1930] Abdullah al-Sallal — In the late 1930s, he completed his military education in Baghdad, Iraq.
[1932] Ezra Pound — Hemingway wrote in 1932 that, for poets born in the late 19th or early 20th century, not to be influenced by Pound would be "like passing through a great blizzard and not feeling its cold".
[1934] Kingdom of Kongo — In 1934, Cuvelier published a KiKongo language summary of these traditions in Nkutama a mvila za makanda.
[1935] Elpidio Quirino — In 1935, he was also elected to the 1935 Constitutional Convention that drafted the 1935 Philippine Constitution for the newly established Philippine Commonwealth.
[1935] Will Durant — It was written in collaboration with his wife, Ariel Durant, and published between 1935 and 1975.
[1936] Dale Carnegie — His seminal work, How to Win Friends and Influence People, published in 1936, became a lasting bestseller.
[1937] Erwin Rommel — In 1937, he published his classic book on military tactics, Infantry Attacks, drawing on his experiences in that war.
[1938] Jomo Kenyatta — In 1938, he published an anthropological study of Kikuyu life before working as a farm labourer in Sussex during the Second World War.
[1939] Juan Bosch (politician) — By 1939 Bosch had gone to Cuba, where he directed an edition of the completed works of Eugenio María de Hostos, something that defined his patriotic and humanist ideals.
[1939] Leo Szilard — In late 1939 he wrote the Einstein–Szilard letter for Albert Einstein's signature that resulted in the Manhattan Project that built the atomic bomb, and then in 1945 wrote the Szilard petition asking president Harry S.
[1940] Kakuei Tanaka — In 1940, he was drafted into the army and served in Manchuria until 1941; during the Pacific War, he made a fortune from government contracts.
[1940] Nur Muhammad Taraki — From the 1940s onward Taraki also wrote novels and short stories in the socialist realism style.
[1941] William L. Shirer — Shirer published 14 books besides The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, including Berlin Diary (published in 1941), The Collapse of the Third Republic (1969), several novels, and a three-volume autobiography, 20th Century Journey (1976 to 1990).
[1942] Ernst Mayr — In his book Systematics and the Origin of Species (1942) he wrote that a species is not just a group of morphologically similar individuals, but a group that can breed only among themselves, excluding all others.
[1942] Henry de Montherlant — His most celebrated dramatic work, *La Reine morte*, was penned in 1942 and remains a subject of study in French secondary schools.
[1942] Romain Rolland — His early intellectual development was marked by an introspective focus, which he explored deeply in his work Voyage intérieur published in 1942.
[1942] Samuel Eliot Morison — In 1942, he was commissioned to write a history of United States naval operations in World War II, which was published in 15 volumes between 1947 and 1962.
[1943] Sigmund Jähn — He completed his primary education between 1943 and 1951 before beginning an apprenticeship as a book printer.
[1946] Judith Wright — She published her first poetry collection, The Moving Image, in 1946 while working as a research officer at the University of Queensland.
[1947] Theodor W. Adorno — As a critic of both fascism and what he called the culture industry, he authored numerous works—such as Dialectic of Enlightenment (1947), Minima Moralia (1951), and Negative Dialectics (1966)—that strongly influenced the European New Left.
[1948] Hans Morgenthau — His Politics Among Nations, first published in 1948, went through five editions during his lifetime and was widely adopted as a textbook in U.
[1949] Revolución Libertadora — In 1949, a constitutional amendment sponsored by Peronism introduced a number of labour reforms along with unrestricted presidential reelections.
[1949] Simone de Beauvoir — Her most significant contribution is arguably *The Second Sex*, published in 1949, which provided a foundational analysis of women's oppression.
[1950] Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950) — The migration was largely completed by 1950, by which time the total number of people of German ancestry still living in Central and Eastern Europe was between 700,000 to 2.
[1950] Jiddu Krishnamurti — He gained a wider recognition in the 1950s, after Aldous Huxley had introduced him to his mainstream publisher and the publication of The First and Last Freedom (1954).
[1952] Gamal Abdel Nasser — Nasser led the Egyptian revolution of 1952 and introduced far-reaching land reforms the following year.
[1952] Jacques Lacan — He conducted influential annual seminars in Paris between 1952 and 1980, during which he published foundational papers that were later compiled in his seminal work, Écrits.
[1952] Paul Tillich — For the general public, Tillich wrote the well-received The Courage to Be (1952) and Dynamics of Faith (1957).
[1952] Polish People's Republic — The name "People's Republic" was introduced and defined by the Constitution of 1952.
[1953] Land Reform Movement — By 1953, land reform had been completed in mainland China with the exception of Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, and Sichuan.
[1954] Michel Butor — His first novel, Passage de Milan, was published in 1954, followed by L'Emploi du temps (1956), which won the Prix Fénéon, and by La Modification in 1957, which won the Prix Renaudot.
[1955] Claude Lévi-Strauss — His scholarly insights were powerfully articulated in the seminal work, Tristes Tropiques, published in 1955.
[1955] J. L. Austin — His seminal work, How to Do Things with Words (1955), introduced this concept by analyzing how utterances perform deeds like making promises.
[1957] Ayn Rand — In 1957, she published her best-selling work, the novel Atlas Shrugged.
[1958] G. E. M. Anscombe — Anscombe's 1958 article "Modern Moral Philosophy" introduced the term consequentialism into the language of analytic philosophy, and had a seminal influence on contemporary virtue ethics.
[1958] Irish Republican Army (1922–1969) — From 1958 to 1962 another series of attacks, called the Border campaign, were carried out, and again internment was introduced north and south.
[1959] Ernest Gellner — His first book, Words and Things (1959), sparked a leading article in The Times, which then published a month-long correspondence on his analytical critique of linguistic philosophy.
[1959] Puyi — After his release in 1959, Puyi published an autobiography (ghostwritten by Li Wenda) and he worked as a gardener before he became a researcher at the Central Research Institute of Culture and History.
[1960] Hans-Georg Gadamer — This intellectual shift culminated in his seminal work, *Truth and Method*, published in 1960.
[1960] Tahar Ben Jelloun — After he was a professor of philosophy in Morocco, he joined the group that ran the literary magazine Souffles in the mid-1960s, and he wrote many pieces for the cultural magazine.
[1961] Michel Foucault — After several years as a cultural diplomat abroad, he returned to France and published his first major book, The History of Madness (1961).
[1961] Rafael Trujillo — By November 1961, the Trujillo family was pressured into exile by the titular president Joaquín Balaguer, who introduced reforms to open up the regime.
[1964] Romanian revolution — In April 1964, when Romania published a general policy paper worked out under Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej's instructions, the country was well on its way of carefully breaking away from Soviet control.
[1967] Flags of Puerto Rico — Despite the debate, the independence movement of Puerto Rico adopted light blue as the color of the flag, after it was first introduced in 1967.
[1967] Ismail al-Faruqi — A prolific author, he published over 100 scholarly articles and 25 books, including Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas (1967) and Al-Tawhid: Its Implications for Thought and Life (1982).
[1968] End of communism in Hungary (1989) — In 1968, the Central Committee of the MSZMP launched the NEM to alleviate Hungary's economic issues and introduced decentralization and fixed prices to offset the flaws of a centrally-planned economy.
[1969] Walter Christaller — Walter Christaller (21 April 1893 – 9 March 1969) was a German geographer whose principal contribution to the discipline is central place theory, first published in 1933.
[1970] Saul Kripke — A 1970 Princeton lecture series, published in book form in 1980 as Naming and Necessity, is considered one of the most important philosophical works of the 20th century.
[1973] Sunningdale Agreement — The initial framework for the Sunningdale Agreement emerged from the British government's white paper published on March 20, 1973.
[1974] Robert Caro — After working for many years as a reporter, Caro wrote The Power Broker (1974), a biography of New York urban planner Robert Moses, which was chosen by the Modern Library as one of the 100 Greatest Nonfiction Books of the Twentieth Century.
[1976] Stanisław Lem — In 1976, Theodore Sturgeon wrote that Lem was the most widely read science fiction writer in the world.
[1978] Hugh N. Kennedy — He completed his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree in 1978 with a doctoral thesis titled Politics and the political élite in the early Abbasid Caliphate.
[1978] Paul Feyerabend — He also wrote on topics related to the politics of science in several essays and in his book Science in a Free Society (1978).
[1979] Margaret Thatcher — On becoming prime minister after winning the 1979 general election, Thatcher introduced a series of economic policies intended to reverse high inflation and Britain's struggles in the wake of the Winter of Discontent and an oncoming recession.
[1980] Erich Honecker — As Cold War tensions eased in the late 1980s with the advent of perestroika and glasnost—the liberal reforms introduced by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev—Honecker refused all but cosmetic changes to the East German political system.
[1980] George Lakoff — The conceptual metaphor thesis, introduced in his and Mark Johnson's 1980 book Metaphors We Live By has found applications in a number of academic disciplines.
[1980] Hans Asperger — He wrote more than 300 publications on psychological disorders that posthumously acquired international renown in the 1980s.
[1980] One country, two systems — This constitutional principle was formulated in the early 1980s during negotiations over Hong Kong between China and the United Kingdom.
[1982] J. L. Mackie — His posthumously published The Miracle of Theism: Arguments For and Against the Existence of God (1982) has been called a tour de force in contemporary analytic philosophy.
[1983] Terry Eagleton — Eagleton has published over forty books, but remains best known for Literary Theory: An Introduction (1983), which has sold over 750,000 copies.
[1984] Scientific Revolution — In 1984, Joseph Ben-David wrote: Rapid accumulation of knowledge, which has characterized the development of science since the 17th century, had never occurred before that time.
[1985] Mou Tsung-san — He authored numerous historical treatises on Neo-Daoist, Confucian, and Buddhist thought, culminating in the influential 1985 work On the Summum Bonum.
[1989] R. D. Laing — Ronald David Laing (7 October 1927 – 23 August 1989) was a Scottish psychiatrist who wrote extensively on mental illness, particularly psychosis and schizophrenia.
[1989] Slavoj Žižek — His seminal 1989 work, The Sublime Object of Ideology, introduced these complex ideas to wider international audiences.
[1990] Denis Sassou Nguesso — He introduced multiparty politics in 1990, but was stripped of executive powers by the 1991 National Conference, remaining in office as a ceremonial head of state.
[1990] John Rawls — In 1990, Will Kymlicka wrote in his introduction to the field that "it is generally accepted that the recent rebirth of normative political philosophy began with the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971".
[1990] Patricia Hill Collins — She gained national attention for her book Black Feminist Thought, originally published in 1990.
[1991] Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front — Michael Johns, an Africa expert with The Heritage Foundation, wrote in 1991 that "there are some modestly encouraging signs that the front intends to abandon Mengistu's autocratic practices".
[1992] Kowloon Walled City — 7 billion (US$350 million) in compensation was completed in 1992.
[1993] Kōshō Uchiyama — Opening the Hand of Thought, first published in English in 1993 by Arkana Press, was edited by Jishō Cary Warner, and translated by Daitsū Tom Wright and Uchiyama's Dharma heir Shohaku Okumura.
[1995] Gilles Deleuze — Gilles Louis René Deleuze (18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1950s until his death, wrote on a variety of subjects including ontology, social critique, film theory, and fine art.
[1996] Yoon Mi-rim — From 1996, she authored 15 short stories and novels.
[1999] Jordan Peterson — In 1999, he published his first book, Maps of Meaning: The Architecture of Belief, which became the basis for many of his subsequent lectures.
[2000] Jacques Barzun — The historical retrospective From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life, 1500 to the Present (2000), widely considered his magnum opus, was published when he was 93 years old.
[2000] World War II casualties — Historian Rüdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 estimating the German military dead and missing at 5.
[2001] Oriana Fallaci — After retirement in New York, following the September 11th incidents in 2001, she wrote some articles and books critical of Islam that gained popular support but also led to accusations of Islamophobia.
[2003] Second impeachment and removal of Martín Vizcarra — 030-2003-CR, article 89-A was introduced in the Congress Regulations.
[2004] Emmanuel Macron — He completed a master's degree in public affairs at Sciences Po and graduated from the École nationale d'administration in 2004.
[2006] John Green — While living in New York City, Green published his second novel, An Abundance of Katherines (2006).
[2008] David Foster Wallace — David Foster Wallace (February 21, 1962 – September 12, 2008) was an American writer and professor who published novels, short stories, and essays.
[2009] Christopher I. Beckwith — Empires of the Silk Road, published in 2009, is a wide-ranging history of Central Eurasia that argues that instead of a land of barbarians, Central Eurasia was the core of civilization.
[2014] Peter Singer — He revealed in The Point of View of the Universe (2014), co-authored with Katarzyna de Lazari-Radek, that he had become a hedonistic utilitarian.
[2017] Hutu — However, these figures were omitted in 2017 and no new figures have been published since then.
[2020] Berlin Palace — Architect Franco Stella oversaw the project and the exterior reconstruction was completed in 2020, with the last decoration being mounted in 2025.
[2022] BTS — On June 14, 2022, the group announced a scheduled pause in group activities to enable the members to complete their 18 months of mandatory South Korean military service, which they all completed by June 2025.
[2022] Ken Starr — Kenneth Winston Starr (July 21, 1946 – September 13, 2022) was an American lawyer and judge who as independent counsel authored the Starr Report, which served as the basis of the impeachment of Bill Clinton.
[2024] Abortion in Poland — In November 2024, the Sejm sent the bill to further debate after it was re-introduced by the Left parliamentary group.
[2024] Jonathan Haidt — In 2024, he published The Anxious Generation, arguing that the rise of smartphones and overprotective parenting has led to a "rewiring" of childhood and increased mental illness.