Treaty of Alexandropol

Quick Facts: Who was Treaty of Alexandropol?

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Treaty of Alexandropol

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A controversial 1920 peace treaty between Armenia and Turkey, whose terms were later invalidated.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The Treaty of Alexandropol (Armenian: Ալեքսանդրապոլի պայմանագիր; Turkish: Gümrü Anlaşması or "Gyumri Treaty") was a peace treaty between the First Republic of Armenia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The treaty formally ended Turkey's invasion of Armenia that had begun on 12 September 1920.

Career & Major Achievements

It was signed by the Armenian Foreign Minister Alexander Khatisyan in the early hours of 3 December 1920; however, the previous day, the Armenian government in Yerevan had resigned and transferred power to a Soviet government and so Khatisyan was no longer acting on behalf of the government of Armenia, and the treaty was invalid. The treaty required Armenia to relinquish claims to Western Armenia, cede over half of its territory to Turkey while also transferring Nakhchivan to Azerbaijan, and accept conditions that reduced Armenia to the status of a Turkish client state.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Although later deemed invalid, its terms shaped the framework for the borders later confirmed by the Treaty of Kars and underscored the collapse of the sovereignty of the First Republic of Armenia. The terms of the Alexandropol Treaty were prepared by Turkey, with no concessions made to the Armenians.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1920: 1920 Milestone — The treaty formally ended Turkey's invasion of Armenia that had begun on 12 September 1920.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Treaty of Alexandropol

True or False: “True or false: The Treaty of Alexandropol was recognized by the international community as the final and legitimate border agreement for Armenia.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): The treaty was explicitly deemed invalid because the Armenian government had already transferred power to a Soviet regime before it was signed, and its terms were superseded by later agreements like the Treaty of Kars.

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