🏹 Mongol Invasions & Conquests Chronological History Timeline

Unprecedented military campaigns by Genghis Khan and successors, forging the largest contiguous empire in world history.

🏛️ Trojan War 🏛️ Peloponnesian War ⚔️ Alexander the Great's Campaigns ⛵ Punic Wars 🏛️ Roman Civil Wars ✝️ The Crusades ⚔️ Hundred Years' War 🌹 Wars of the Roses 🛡️ Thirty Years' War ⚔️ English Civil War

Chronological Timeline (90 Entries)

  1. [1000] High Middle Ages — The period in European history between c. 1000 and c. 1300, marked by growth and intellectual rebirth.
  2. [1008] Kingdom of Georgia — Medieval Eurasian monarchy in the Caucasus, reaching its zenith under Queen Tamar.
  3. [1015] Kievan Rus' — The first East Slavic state, spanning from the late 9th to mid-13th century.
  4. [1050] Pagan Kingdom — The first major Burmese kingdom, laying the foundation for Bamar culture and Theravada Buddhism.
  5. [1071] Sultanate of Rum — A powerful Turco-Persian Sunni Muslim state in Anatolia, foundational to Turkish history.
  6. [1077] Khwarazmian Empire — A powerful Sunni Muslim empire ruling Central Asia from 1077 to its fall in 1231.
  7. [1115] Jin dynasty (1115–1234) — A Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1115 to 1234.
  8. [1125] Qara Khitai — A Central Asian empire established by the Yelü clan, continuing the Liao tradition.
  9. [1157] Vladimir-Suzdal — A powerful Russian principality that formed the core of centralized Russian statehood.
  10. [1162] Mongol Empire — The largest contiguous empire in history, spanning Eurasia from 1206 to 1368.
  11. [1170] Muqali — Esteemed Mongol general and trusted second-in-command under Genghis Khan.
  12. [1175] Subutai — Master Mongol strategist, instrumental in expanding the Mongol Empire under Genghis and Ögedei Khans.
  13. [1176] Boroldai — A prominent Mongol general active during the 13th-century invasions of Kievan Rus' and Europe.
  14. [1180] Chiang Hung — A historical Tai Lü kingdom in Xishuangbanna, China, with a complex history spanning centuries.
  15. [1181] Jebe — Prominent Mongol general and one of Genghis Khan's most celebrated military commanders.
  16. [1182] Jochi — Founder of the Golden Horde, Jochi was a pivotal prince of the early Mongol Empire.
  17. [1183] Qul Ghali — Master poet of Volga Bulgaria, celebrated for Qissa-i Yusuf.
  18. [1185] Kamakura shogunate — Feudal military government in Japan (1185–1333), establishing samurai rule.
  19. [1186] Ögedei Khan — Second Khan of the Mongol Empire, continuing Genghis Khan's vast expansion.
  20. [1191] Tolui — Prominent general and regent of the Mongol Empire, son of Genghis Khan.
  21. [1199] Jalal al-Din Mangburni — Last Khwarazmshah of the Anushtegin dynasty, ruling during the Mongol invasions.
  22. [1201] Daniel of Galicia — Prince of Galicia and King of Ruthenia, a key figure in Rurikid revival.
  23. [1204] Khokhar — A large Punjabi tribe originating from northern Punjab, historically influential in the region.
  24. [1205] Batu Khan — Founder of the Golden Horde, a powerful Mongol successor state.
  25. [1205] Mongol conquest of China — The Mongol conquest spanned 74 years (1205–1279), subjugating major Chinese empires.
  26. [1206] Military of the Mongol Empire — The military force behind the vast Mongol Empire, renowned for its cavalry and siegecraft.
  27. [1206] Mongolia — Landlocked East Asian nation, historically ruled by powerful nomadic empires.
  28. [1206] Pax Mongolica — The period of relative peace and stability across Eurasia under Mongol rule (13th-14th centuries).
  29. [1209] Möngke Khan — Fourth Khagan of the Mongol Empire, known for administrative reforms and vast conquests.
  30. [1209] Mongol campaigns in Central Asia — Mongol military campaigns that reshaped Central Asia from 1209 to 1236.
  31. [1214] Mongol invasions of Korea — A series of devastating campaigns by the Mongol Empire against Goryeo, vassalizing it to the Yuan Dynasty.
  32. [1215] Kublai Khan — Founder of the Mongol Yuan Dynasty, Emperor of China (1271-1294)
  33. [1217] Hulegu Khan — Founder of the Ilkhanate, Hulegu Khan dominated West Asia through Mongol might.
  34. [1219] Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire — The devastating Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire (1219–1221).
  35. [1220] Jalal-ud-Din Khalji — Founder of the Khalji Dynasty and Sultan of Delhi (1290-1296)
  36. [1220] Karakorum — Historic capital of the Mongol Empire, flourishing from 1235 to 1260.
  37. [1220] Mongol invasion of Europe — The devastating 13th-century military campaigns that swept across Eastern and Central Europe.
  38. [1221] Mongol invasions of India — A period of devastating military offensives by the Mongol Empire across the Indian subcontinent.
  39. [1223] Baybars — Mamluk Sultan who defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut and crushed the Crusaders.
  40. [1225] Trần dynasty — A Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Đại Việt from 1225 to 1400, marked by cultural flourishing.
  41. [1228] Trần Hưng Đạo — Great Prince Hưng Đạo, military genius who defended Đại Việt against Mongol hordes.
  42. [1236] Bayan of the Baarin — Prominent Mongol general who played a key role in the Yuan dynasty's conquest of Southern China.
  43. [1239] Babai Revolt — A major thirteenth-century rebellion in the Sultanate of Rum led by Baba Ishak.
  44. [1240] Mongol invasions of Syria — Repeated Mongol attempts to conquer Syria, primarily repelled by the Mamluks.
  45. [1240] Trần Thánh Tông — Second Emperor of the Trần Dynasty, leading Đại Việt through pivotal eras.
  46. [1243] Republic of Turkey — A transcontinental nation bridging West Asia and Southeast Europe, with a deep history.
  47. [1245] Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars — A protracted series of conflicts defining the borders and power struggles between Lithuania and Moscow.
  48. [1251] Hōjō Tokimune — Eighth Shikken of the Kamakura Shogunate, pivotal in resisting Mongol invasion.
  49. [1253] Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia — Medieval Eastern European state (1199–1349) encompassing Galicia and Volhynia.
  50. [1258] Islamic Golden Age — A period of immense cultural and scientific flourishing in the Islamic world (8th-14th centuries).
  51. [1258] Mongol invasions of Vietnam — Four major Mongol campaigns against Đại Việt and Champa in the 13th century.
  52. [1258] Siege of Baghdad — The Mongol conquest of the Abbasid Caliphate, marking a pivotal end to the Islamic Golden Age.
  53. [1259] Chagatai Khanate — A major Mongol khanate in Central Asia, succeeding Genghis Khan's direct rule.
  54. [1259] Ilkhanate — A Mongol khanate established in Iran, ruling from 1256 to 1335.
  55. [1260] Battle of Ain Jalut — The decisive 1260 battle halting Mongol expansion into the Levant and Egypt.
  56. [1260] Mongol conquests — The Mongol conquests established the largest contiguous empire in history across Eurasia.
  57. [1263] Ibn Taymiyya — Influential Sunni scholar, jurist, and proto-Salafist theologian of the 13th and 14th centuries.
  58. [1266] Alauddin Khalji — Powerful Sultan of Delhi who reformed administration and repelled Mongol invasions.
  59. [1266] Khanate of Sibir — A historical Siberian Tatar state in western Siberia, contested by powerful dynasties.
  60. [1267] Emperor Go-Uda — 91st Emperor of Japan; reigned from 1274 to 1287, navigating political turmoil.
  61. [1271] Yuan dynasty — Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China, succeeding the Song and preceding the Ming.
  62. [1274] Kamikaze (typhoon) — Mythical typhoons credited with saving Japan from Mongol invasions in 1274 and 1281.
  63. [1274] Mongol invasions of Japan — Failed 13th-century Mongol attempts to conquer Japan, leading to the term 'kamikaze'.
  64. [1285] First Mongol invasion of Burma — Series of Mongol invasions that toppled the Pagan Empire between 1277 and 1287.
  65. [1292] Majapahit — A powerful Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empire dominating Southeast Asia from 1292 to 1527.
  66. [1299] Rise of the Ottoman Empire — The transformation of a small Anatolian principality into a vast, enduring global empire.
  67. [1300] Nogai Khan — Powerful Mongol general and kingmaker of the Golden Horde.
  68. [1342] Tokhtamysh — Khan of the Golden Horde, consolidating power and reasserting Mongol hegemony.
  69. [1370] Timurid Empire — A vast Turco-Mongol empire dominating Greater Iran in the 14th and 15th centuries.
  70. [1374] Qara Qoyunlu — Muslim Turkoman dynasty ruling over parts of modern Azerbaijan and Iran (c. 1374–1468).
  71. [1402] Battle of Ankara — The decisive battle of 1402 that shattered the Ottoman Empire and caused the Interregnum.
  72. [1450] Post-classical history — The historical period spanning from roughly 500 CE to 1500 CE, bridging antiquity and modernity.
  73. [1483] Babur — Founder of the Mughal Empire in South Asia, a descendant of Timur and Genghis Khan.
  74. [1501] Khanate of Bukhara — Uzbek monarchy in Central Asia, ruled by the Shaybanid and Janid dynasties.
  75. [1650] Little Ice Age — A period of regional cooling, particularly pronounced in the North Atlantic region between the 16th and 19th centuries.
  76. [1688] Nader Shah — Founder of the Afsharid dynasty, Nader Shah reunified Iran and dominated West Asia.
  77. [1790] Iran — A historically rich nation in West Asia, known as Persia, with a continuous civilization spanning millennia.
  78. [1790] Islamic Republic of Iran — A West Asian country with a deep history spanning from the Achaemenid Empire to modern Islamic Republic.
  79. [1835] Shoqan Walikhanov — Pioneering Kazakh scholar, ethnographer, and historian of the 19th century.
  80. [1869] Vasily Bartold — Pioneering Russian Orientalist specializing in Islamic and Turkic history.
  81. [1922] Telly Savalas — Iconic American actor known for Telly Savalas's roles in Kojak and James Bond.
  82. [1932] Omar Sharif — Egyptian cinematic icon, celebrated for conquering Hollywood with over a century of film roles.
  83. [1954] Imperial Japanese Navy — The navy of Japan from 1871 to 1945, a major force in Asian history.
  84. [1965] Aaron Kwok — Iconic Hong Kong performer, celebrated singer, dancer, and actor.
  85. [1981] Park Ye-jin — South Korean actress known for roles in dramas, variety shows, and films.
  86. [1990] Go Ara — South Korean actress and model known for roles in Sharp, Reply 1994, and Hwarang.
  87. [—] Alans — Ancient Iranic nomadic pastoral people who migrated through the North Caucasus to Europe.
  88. [—] Silk Road — Ancient network of Eurasian trade routes facilitating cultural, economic, and religious exchange.
  89. [—] Silk Road transmission of Buddhism — The spread of Buddhist teachings across Asia via trade routes, notably the Silk Road.
  90. [—] Timurid conquests and invasions — The military campaigns of Timur, establishing a vast empire across Central Asia and beyond.