Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet

Quick Facts: Who was Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet?

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Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet

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Treaty of friendship and alliance between Mongolia and Tibet, signed in 1913.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

A Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet was signed on 11 January 1913 (corresponding to 29 December 1912 of the Julian calendar), at Urga (now Ulaanbaatar). This treaty's text in Mongolian was published by the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in 1982, and in 2007 an original copy in Tibetan language and script surfaced from Mongolian archives.

Career & Major Achievements

There have been questions about the authority of a Tibetan negotiator, Dorjiev, to conclude such a treaty, being he was both a Russian subject and ethnically Buryat. During the Xinhai Revolution against the Qing dynasty, both Tibet and Outer Mongolia declared their formal independence from China under theocratic heads of states, and both had had no success in gaining official recognition from the Republic of China.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

In the treaty signed on 11 January 1913, Mongolia and Tibet declared mutual recognition and allegiance.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1913: 1913 Milestone — A Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet was signed on 11 January 1913 (corresponding to 29 December 1912 of the Julian calendar), at Urga (now Ulaanbaatar).
2. 1982: 1982 Milestone — This treaty's text in Mongolian was published by the Mongolian Academy of Sciences in 1982, and in 2007 an original copy in Tibetan language and script surfaced from Mongolian archives.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Treaty of friendship and alliance between the Government of Mongolia and Tibet

True or False: “The Treaty of friendship and alliance signed in 1913 was the sole legal document guaranteeing the full, internationally recognized independence of both Mongolia and Tibet from all foreign powers.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): While the treaty was a major declaration of mutual recognition and allegiance, it was signed during a period when neither region had successfully gained official recognition from the Republic of China or other major international bodies.

Contemporary Figures & Related Historical Timelines

• Abraham González (governor) — Historical peer (Died in 1913) (1913): Governor of Chihuahua and key Maderista leader during the Mexican Revolution.
• Ahmad Tajuddin — Historical peer (Born in 1913) (1913): The 27th Sultan of Brunei, advocating for political autonomy.
• A. E. van Vogt — Historical peer (Born in 1912) (1912): Influential Canadian-American science fiction writer known for bizarre narratives.
• Abubakar Tafawa Balewa — Historical peer (Born in 1912) (1912): First and only Prime Minister of Nigeria, a dominant figure in the nation's independence.
• 1982 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament — Historical peer (Born in 1982) (1982): The 44th annual NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament.
• Ahmed al-Sharaa — Historical peer (Born in 1982) (1982): Syrian statesman who led opposition forces, establishing the Syrian Salvation Government.
• Al Oerter — Historical peer (Died in 2007) (2007): Four-time Olympic champion in the discus throw, pioneering athletic consistency.
• Albert Ellis — Historical peer (Died in 2007) (2007): Pioneering figure in psychotherapy, founder of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

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