Origins & Early Life

Michael Polanyi ( poh-LAN-yee; Hungarian: Polányi Mihály; 11 March 1891 – 22 February 1976) was a Hungarian-British polymath, who made important theoretical contributions to physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He argued that positivism is a false account of knowing. His wide-ranging research in physical science included chemical kinetics, x-ray diffraction, and adsorption of gases. He pioneered the theory of fibre diffraction analysis in 1921, and the dislocation theory of plastic deformation of ductile metals and other materials in 1934.

Pivotal Works & Achievements

He emigrated to Germany, in 1926 becoming a chemistry professor at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and then in 1933 to England, becoming first a chemistry professor, and then a social sciences professor at the University of Manchester. Two of his students won the Nobel Prize, as did his son. In 1944 Polanyi was elected to the Royal Society. The contributions which Polanyi made to the social sciences include the concept of a polycentric spontaneous order and his rejection of a value neutral conception of liberty. They were developed in the context of his opposition to central planning.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Polanyi, born Mihály...

Contemporary Figures & Related Historical Timelines

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• 1891 Historical Timeline & Archive — Explore world events and figures from 1891
• March 11 (03-11) On This Day — Historical birthdays and events on March 11
• 1976 Historical Timeline & Archive — Explore world events and figures from 1976
• February 22 (02-22) On This Day — Historical events and memorials on February 22