Origins & Early Life

Major-General George Germain, 1st Viscount Sackville, PC (born George Sackville; 26 January 1716 – 26 August 1785) was a British Army officer and politician who served as Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1775 to 1782. Serving in the North ministry during the American War of Independence, he was a hardliner, "the chief architect of the American War in Britain," receiving significant blame for Britain's defeat. Germain's war policy was based on his mistaken belief that loyalty to the crown was widespread and would prevail with military support. His issuance of confusing instructions to British commanders in North America, coupled with his failure to understand either the geography of Britain's American colonies or the determination of the rebels' resolve, have led many historians to support such arguments.

Pivotal Works & Achievements

He served in the British army in the War of the Austrian Succession and in the European theater of Seven Years' War. In the decisive Battle of Minden, his lack of vigorous action was considered a disgrace. He called for a court-martial to clear his name, but the court decided against him. His military career ended, but after a period he was elected to Parliament and gained prominence...

Enduring Legacy & Impact

The historical impact and works continue to influence the modern world.

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