Origins & Early Life

Zhang Zai (simplified Chinese: 张载; traditional Chinese: 張載; pinyin: Zhāng Zài; Wade–Giles: Chang Tsai) (1020–1077) was a Chinese philosopher and politician. He is best known for laying out four ontological goals for intellectuals: to build up the manifestations of Heaven and Earth's spirit, to build up good life for the populace, to develop past sages' endangered scholarship, and to open up eternal peace. Zhang Zai was born in 1020 CE in Hengqu, in the province of Shaanxi. During his childhood he showed an interest in military affairs, but began to study the Confucian texts.

Pivotal Works & Achievements

Like many Song philosophers, Zhang was initially frustrated with Confucian thought and studied Buddhism along with Daoism for a number of years. But he decided that "The Way" could not be found in Buddhism or Daoism and returned to Confucian texts. His exploration of diverse religious thought had a major impact on his own ideals. In 1056 CE Zhang lectured on the Classic of Changes, which is one of his most best known works. It is possible that around this time Zhang first met the Cheng brothers.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

After passing the highest level of the civil service examinations, he held several minor government...

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