Treaty of Madrid (1801)

Quick Facts: Who was Treaty of Madrid (1801)?

Subject:

Treaty of Madrid (1801)

Known for:

A 1801 treaty between Portugal and France, involving territorial concessions and indemnity payments.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The 1801 Treaty of Madrid was signed on 29 September 1801 by Portugal and France. Portugal made territorial concessions to France in Northern Brazil, closed its ports to British shipping and paid an indemnity of 20 million francs. In 1793, Portugal and Spain joined the First Coalition against the French Republic but Spain dropped out in 1795 after a series of defeats in the War of the Pyrenees.

Career & Major Achievements

It then allied with France in the 1796 Second Treaty of San Ildefonso and declared war on Britain. During the 1798–1802 War of the Second Coalition, on 20 May 1801 Spain invaded Portugal in the War of the Oranges under pressure from France, which was anxious to deny Britain access to Portuguese ports.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty of Badajoz on 6 June; on the same day, Portugal also agreed to a second and separate Treaty of Badajoz with France, granting it substantial territorial gains in South America. The modern border between French Guiana and Brazil is the Oyapock River, which was agreed in 1713; the proposed Treaty moved it south to the Araguari or Amapá River, taking in large parts of Northern Brazil.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1713: 1713 Milestone — The modern border between French Guiana and Brazil is the Oyapock River, which was agreed in 1713; the proposed Treaty moved it south to the Araguari or Amapá River, taking in large parts of Northern Brazil.
2. 1793: 1793 Milestone — In 1793, Portugal and Spain joined the First Coalition against the French Republic but Spain dropped out in 1795 after a series of defeats in the War of the Pyrenees.
3. 1796: 1796 Milestone — It then allied with France in the 1796 Second Treaty of San Ildefonso and declared war on Britain.
4. 1798: 1798 Milestone — During the 1798–1802 War of the Second Coalition, on 20 May 1801 Spain invaded Portugal in the War of the Oranges under pressure from France, which was anxious to deny Britain access to Portuguese ports.
5. 1801: 1801 Milestone — The 1801 Treaty of Madrid was signed on 29 September 1801 by Portugal and France.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Treaty of Madrid (1801)

True or False: “True or false: The Treaty of Madrid required Portugal to pay an indemnity of 20 million francs to France.”

Answer (TRUE ⭕): The treaty explicitly mandated that Portugal pay a substantial indemnity of 20 million francs to the French government.

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