Treaty of London (1913)

Quick Facts: Who was Treaty of London (1913)?

Subject:

Treaty of London (1913)

Known for:

Treaty of London (1913): Settled Balkan War borders after London Conference.

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Origins & Early Life

The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912–1913. It dealt with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War. The London Conference had ended on 23 January 1913, when the 1913 Ottoman coup d'état took place and Ottoman Grand Vizier Kâmil Pasha was forced to resign.

Career & Major Achievements

Coup leader Enver Pasha withdrew the Ottoman Empire from the Conference, and the Treaty of London was signed without the presence of the Ottoman delegation. Further border changes were ratified in the Treaty of Bucharest in August 1913, following the conclusion of the Second Balkan War. The combatants were the victorious Balkan League (Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and Montenegro) and the defeated Ottoman Empire.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Representing the Great Powers were the United Kingdom, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. Hostilities had officially ceased on 2 December 1912, except for Greece that had not participated in the first truce.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1912: 1912 Milestone — Hostilities had officially ceased on 2 December 1912, except for Greece that had not participated in the first truce.
2. 1913: 1913 Milestone — The Treaty of London (1913) was signed on 30 May following the London Conference of 1912–1913.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Treaty of London (1913)

True or False: “True or false: The Treaty of London (1913) was signed with the full and active participation of the Ottoman Empire's official delegation.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): The treaty was signed without the presence of the Ottoman delegation, as the Ottoman Empire was undergoing a coup d'état and was withdrawing from the Conference.

Contemporary Figures & Related Historical Timelines

• Abraham González (governor) — Historical peer (Died in 1913) (1913): Governor of Chihuahua and key Maderista leader during the Mexican Revolution.
• Ahmad Tajuddin — Historical peer (Born in 1913) (1913): The 27th Sultan of Brunei, advocating for political autonomy.
• A. E. van Vogt — Historical peer (Born in 1912) (1912): Influential Canadian-American science fiction writer known for bizarre narratives.
• Abubakar Tafawa Balewa — Historical peer (Born in 1912) (1912): First and only Prime Minister of Nigeria, a dominant figure in the nation's independence.

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