Treaty of Giyanti

Quick Facts: Who was Treaty of Giyanti?

Subject:

Treaty of Giyanti

Known for:

1755 treaty dividing the Sultanate of Mataram between Mangkubumi and Pakubuwono III.

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Origins & Early Life

The Treaty of Giyanti (also known as the Treaty of Gianti Java, the Gianti Agreement, or the Giyanti Treaty) was signed and ratified on February 13, 1755, between Prince Mangkubumi, the Dutch East India Company, and Sunan Pakubuwono III along with his allies. The accord officially divided the Sultanate of Mataram between Mangkubumi and Pakubuwono. The name "Giyanti" was taken from the location of the signing of the agreement, namely in Giyanti Village (Dutch spelling) which is now located in Hamlet Kerten, Jantiharjo Village, southeast of Karanganyar, Central Java.

Career & Major Achievements

The treaty was the main result of the Third Javanese War of Succession in 1749–57. Pakubuwono II, king of Mataram, had backed a Chinese rebellion against the Dutch. In 1743, in payment for his restoration to power, the King ceded the north coast of Java and Madura to the Dutch East India Company.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Later, before he died in 1749, he ceded the remainder of the kingdom. Pakubuwono III, who was supported by the company, became the new king, but he had to face a rival of his father, Raden Mas Said, who had occupied a region called Sukowati.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1743: 1743 Milestone — In 1743, in payment for his restoration to power, the King ceded the north coast of Java and Madura to the Dutch East India Company.
2. 1749: 1749 Milestone — The treaty was the main result of the Third Javanese War of Succession in 1749–57.
3. 1755: 1755 Milestone — The Treaty of Giyanti (also known as the Treaty of Gianti Java, the Gianti Agreement, or the Giyanti Treaty) was signed and ratified on February 13, 1755, between Prince Mangkubumi, the Dutch East India Company, and Sunan Pakubuwono III along with his allies.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Treaty of Giyanti

True or False: “True or false: The Treaty of Giyanti restored the Sultanate of Mataram to its pre-1743 boundaries.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): The treaty did not restore the boundaries; rather, it formally divided the existing, already diminished Sultanate of Mataram between two rival factions.

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