Second Chinese domination of Vietnam

Quick Facts: Who was Second Chinese domination of Vietnam?

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Second Chinese domination of Vietnam

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Period of Chinese rule over Northern Vietnam (Jiaozhi), spanning from the 1st to 6th centuries AD.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The Second Era of Northern Domination refers to the second period of Chinese rule in Vietnamese history, from the 1st century to 6th century AD, during which present-day northern Vietnam (Jiaozhi) was governed by various Chinese dynasties. This period began when the Han dynasty reconquered Giao Chỉ (Jiaozhi) from the Trưng Sisters and ended in 544 AD when Lý Bí revolted against the Liang dynasty and established the Early Lý dynasty. This period lasted about 500 years. After suppressing the Trưng sisters in 43 AD, Ma Yuan continued his crackdown on the Lac Viet resistance and their society. Lac lords who had joined the Trung sisters, who had submitted or surrendered to Ma Yuan would be spared, those who disobeyed were beheaded.

Career & Major Achievements

Direct imperial government now was imposed on the region for the first time, and Ma Yuan was appointed as Jiaozhi's governor. Some of 20,000 Chinese soldiers had settled in northern Vietnam to help rebuild the Han administration, living along with around 900,000 local people. By the second and third century, local sites and artifacts often contain both Yue and Han styles, include Han-style tomb bricks and Dong Son artifacts such as bronze drums. Evidence from early Chinese loanwords in Vietnamese suggests that Chinese household and agricultural objects, Chinese-style marriage and burial practices, practices of literacy, Iron-Age metals, and aspects of other Chinese-style cultural domains were introduced into indigenous society in the Eastern Han era or earlier. Although the Yue had adjusted local cultures, the Han Chinese didn't force the locals to adopt Chinese customs.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

From the Han to the Tang era, Imperial Chinese had supported for the political alliances with the locally based Yue political elite, many of which were powerful and wealthy chieftains. The Chinese court often gave them official positions in order to extract profits from them. After governing Jiaozhi for 3 years, Ma Yuan was recalled in the year 45. During emperor Ming era, Rinan then Jiuzhen were governed by Li Shan who was well known for his benevolent rule. Li Shan was then appointed governor of Jiuzhen, while the governorship of Jiaozhi was succeeded by Zhang Hui.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Second Chinese domination of Vietnam

True or False: “The Second Era of Northern Domination began immediately after the Trưng Sisters' initial revolt in the first century AD.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): This period began when the Han dynasty reconquered Giao Chỉ (Jiaozhi) from the Trưng Sisters, which occurred around 43 AD.

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