Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)

Quick Facts: Who was Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)?

Subject:

Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)

Known for:

Treaty establishing equal rights and friendship between Soviet Russia and Persia.

Verified Source:

2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship was signed on 26 February 1921 in Moscow between representatives of Persia and Soviet Russia. Based on the terms of the treaty, all previous agreements made between the signatories including the Treaty of Turkmenchay were canceled. Moreover, both Russia and Iran were given full and equal shipping rights in the Caspian Sea along with the right to fly their respective national flags on their commercial vessels.

Career & Major Achievements

Ratifications were exchanged in Teheran on 26 February 1922. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on 7 June 1922. The original purpose of the treaty was to prevent White Russian counter-revolutionary forces who fled to Iran after the Bolshevik Revolution from attacking the Soviets from Iranian territory as had happened as late as 1918.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

The passage of the treaty, and particularly articles 5 and 6, was subject to vigorous debate in the Persian parliament; anti-British sentiment, however, led to its acceptance without alteration. The treaty would serve as the basis for a Soviet occupation in 1941, and articles 5 and 6 were eventually repudiated by Iran in 1979.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1918: 1918 Milestone — The original purpose of the treaty was to prevent White Russian counter-revolutionary forces who fled to Iran after the Bolshevik Revolution from attacking the Soviets from Iranian territory as had happened as late as 1918.
2. 1921: 1921 Milestone — The Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship was signed on 26 February 1921 in Moscow between representatives of Persia and Soviet Russia.
3. 1922: 1922 Milestone — Ratifications were exchanged in Teheran on 26 February 1922.
4. 1941: 1941 Milestone — The treaty would serve as the basis for a Soviet occupation in 1941, and articles 5 and 6 were eventually repudiated by Iran in 1979.

Notable Quotes by Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)

“The treaty would serve as the basis for a Soviet occupation in 1941.”

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)

True or False: “True or false: The treaty immediately canceled all previous agreements, including the Treaty of Turkmenchay.”

Answer (TRUE ⭕): The treaty explicitly stated that all prior agreements between the signatories, including the Treaty of Turkmenchay, were canceled upon its signing.

Contemporary Figures & Related Historical Timelines

• Aaron Beck — Historical peer (Born in 1921) (1921): Father of Cognitive Therapy and CBT, revolutionizing psychiatric treatment.
• ʻAbdu'l-Bahá — Historical peer (Died in 1921) (1921): Successor to Baháʼu'lláh and guiding light of the Baháʼí Faith.
• Aage Bohr — Historical peer (Born in 1922) (1922): Pioneering Danish nuclear physicist, Nobel laureate for atomic structure theory.
• Agnes Nixon — Historical peer (Born in 1922) (1922): Pioneering soap opera writer and producer, creator of 'One Life to Live' and 'All My Children'.
• Abdul Hamid II — Historical peer (Died in 1918) (1918): Last effective Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, navigating decline and constitutional upheaval.
• Abraham Pais — Historical peer (Born in 1918) (1918): Pioneering physicist and acclaimed science historian of modern physics.
• Adam Kuper — Historical peer (Born in 1941) (1941): Influential British social anthropologist known for research in Southern Africa.
• Adnan Khayr Allah — Historical peer (Born in 1941) (1941): Iraqi military officer and Minister of Defense, closely associated with the Ba'ath regime.
• A. P. Elkin — Historical peer (Died in 1979) (1979): Influential Australian anthropologist and Anglican clergyman (1891–1979)
• A. Philip Randolph — Historical peer (Died in 1979) (1979): Pioneer labor unionist and civil rights activist who fought for racial equality.

Frequently Asked Questions about Russo-Persian Treaty of Friendship (1921)