Prehistoric Europe

Quick Facts: Who was Prehistoric Europe?

Subject:

Prehistoric Europe

Known for:

Europe's deep prehistory, spanning from early hominins to the dawn of written records.

Verified Source:

2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

Prehistoric Europe refers to Europe before the start of written records, beginning in the Lower Paleolithic. As history progresses, considerable regional unevenness in cultural development emerges and grows. The region of the eastern Mediterranean is, due to its geographic proximity, greatly influenced and inspired by the classical Middle Eastern civilizations, and adopts and develops the earliest systems of communal organization and writing. The Histories of Herodotus (from around 440 BC) is the oldest known European text that seeks to systematically record traditions, public affairs and notable events. Widely dispersed, isolated finds of individual fossils of bone fragments (Atapuerca, Mauer mandible), stone artifacts or assemblages suggest that during the Lower Paleolithic, spanning from 3 million until 300,000 years ago, palaeo-human presence was rare and typically separated by thousands of years.

Career & Major Achievements

The karstic region of the Atapuerca Mountains in Spain represents the currently earliest known and reliably dated location of residence for more than a single generation and a group of individuals. Homo neanderthalensis emerged in Eurasia between 600,000 and 350,000 years ago as the earliest body of European people that left behind a substantial tradition, a set of evaluable historic data through a rich fossil record in Europe's limestone caves and a patchwork of occupation sites over large areas. These include Mousterian cultural assemblages. Modern humans arrived in Mediterranean Europe during the Middle Paleolithic between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago , and both species occupied a common habitat for several thousand years. Research has so far produced no universally accepted conclusive explanation as to what caused the Neanderthal's extinction between 40,000 and 28,000 years ago.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Homo sapiens later populated the entire continent during the Mesolithic, and advanced north, following the retreating ice sheets of the Last Glacial Maximum that spanned between 26,500 and 19,000 years ago. A 2015 publication on ancient European DNA collected from Spain to Russia concluded that the original hunter-gatherer population had assimilated a wave of "farmers" who had arrived from the Near East during the Neolithic about 8,000 years ago. The Mesolithic era site Lepenski Vir in modern-day Serbia, the earliest documented sedentary community of Europe with permanent buildings, as well as monumental art, precedes by many centuries sites previously considered to be the oldest known. The community's year-round access to a food surplus prior to the introduction of agriculture was the basis for the sedentary lifestyle. However, the earliest record for the adoption of elements of farming can be found in Starčevo, a community with close cultural ties.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 2015: 2015 Milestone — A 2015 publication on ancient European DNA collected from Spain to Russia concluded that the original hunter-gatherer population had assimilated a wave of "farmers" who had arrived from the Near East during the Neolithic about 8,000 years ago.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Prehistoric Europe

True or False: “The earliest reliably dated site showing residence for more than a single generation in Europe is Atapuerca Mountains, Spain.”

Answer (TRUE ⭕): Atapuerca represents the currently earliest known and reliably dated location of residence for more than a single generation.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Prehistoric Europe