Petra

Quick Facts: Who was Petra?

Subject:

Petra

Known for:

Ancient rock-cut city in southern Jordan, famous for its unique Nabataean architecture.

Verified Source:

2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

Petra (Arabic: ٱلْبَتْراء, romanized: al-Batrāʾ; Ancient Greek: Πέτρα, lit. 'Rock'), originally known to its inhabitants as Raqmu (Nabataean Aramaic: 𐢛𐢚𐢒‎ or 𐢛𐢚𐢓𐢈‎, *Raqēmō), is an ancient city and archaeological site in southern Jordan. Famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit systems, Petra is also called the "Rose City" because of the colour of the sandstone from which it is carved. The city is one of the New 7 Wonders of the World and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The area around Petra has been inhabited from as early as 7000 BC, and was settled by the Nabataeans, a nomadic Arab people, in the 4th century BC.

Career & Major Achievements

Petra would later become the capital city of the Nabataean Kingdom in the second century BC. The Nabataeans invested in Petra's proximity to the incense trade routes by establishing it as a major regional trading hub, which gained them considerable revenue. The Nabataeans were able to survive the desert due to efficient rainwater collecting and desert farming. Petra flourished in the 1st century AD, when its Al-Khazneh structure, possibly the mausoleum of Nabataean king Aretas IV, was constructed, and its population peaked at an estimated 20,000 inhabitants. Nabataea fell to the Romans in 106 AD, who annexed and renamed it Arabia Petraea.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Petra's importance declined as sea trade routes emerged, and after an earthquake in 363 destroyed many structures. In the Byzantine era, several Christian churches were built, but the city continued to decline and, by the early Islamic era, it was abandoned except for a handful of nomads. It remained unknown to the western world until 1812, when Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it. UNESCO has described Petra as "one of the most precious cultural properties of man's cultural heritage". Petra is a symbol of Jordan, as well as Jordan's most-visited tourist attraction.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1812: 1812 Milestone — It remained unknown to the western world until 1812, when Swiss traveller Johann Ludwig Burckhardt rediscovered it.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Petra

True or False: “The primary reason Petra declined after the Roman period was due to a massive volcanic eruption that buried it completely.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): While decline occurred, the text suggests its importance waned as sea trade routes emerged and following an earthquake in 363 AD.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Petra