Marrakesh VIP Treaty

Quick Facts: Who was Marrakesh VIP Treaty?

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Marrakesh VIP Treaty

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A global copyright treaty ensuring accessible published works for the visually impaired.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The Marrakesh VIP Treaty (formally the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, colloquially Marrakesh Treaty or MVT) is a treaty on copyright adopted in Marrakesh, Morocco, on 27 June 2013. It achieved the deposit of 20 instruments of ratification or accession by eligible parties needed for entry into force on June 30, 2016 and entered into force three months later, on September 30, 2016. As of April 14, 2025, the treaty has 101 contracting parties covering 127 WIPO Member States because the European Union joined as a block.

Career & Major Achievements

As of September 2026, the treaty has 105 contracting parties. The treaty seeks to remedy a "book famine" for people who are unable to access standard print materials.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Before the implementation of the treaty, the World Blind Union estimated that over 90% of copyrighted works were not produced in accessible formats. In developing countries, over 99% of published materials are inaccessible to those using Braille, large print, or audio formats.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 2013: 2013 Milestone — The Marrakesh VIP Treaty (formally the Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access to Published Works for Persons who are Blind, Visually Impaired or Otherwise Print Disabled, colloquially Marrakesh Treaty or MVT) is a treaty on copyright adopted in Marrakesh, Morocco, on 27 June 2013.
2. 2016: 2016 Milestone — It achieved the deposit of 20 instruments of ratification or accession by eligible parties needed for entry into force on June 30, 2016 and entered into force three months later, on September 30, 2016.
3. 2025: 2025 Milestone — As of April 14, 2025, the treaty has 101 contracting parties covering 127 WIPO Member States because the European Union joined as a block.
4. 2026: 2026 Milestone — As of September 2026, the treaty has 105 contracting parties.

Notable Quotes by Marrakesh VIP Treaty

“The treaty seeks to remedy a "book famine" for people who are unable to access standard print materials.”

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Marrakesh VIP Treaty

True or False: “True or False: The Marrakesh Treaty was designed solely to facilitate the sharing of works in Braille format.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): False. While Braille is a key format, the treaty's scope is much broader, covering accessible formats including large print and audio, aiming for universal access.

Contemporary Figures & Related Historical Timelines

• Aaron Swartz — Historical peer (Died in 2013) (2013): Pioneering programmer, activist, and hacktivist known for RSS, Markdown, and progressive organizing.
• Ada Louise Huxtable — Historical peer (Died in 2013) (2013): Pioneering American architecture critic who elevated urban design to public discourse.
• Abbas Kiarostami — Historical peer (Died in 2016) (2016): Master Iranian filmmaker known for blending fiction and documentary styles.
• Agnes Nixon — Historical peer (Died in 2016) (2016): Pioneering soap opera writer and producer, creator of 'One Life to Live' and 'All My Children'.
• Alasdair MacIntyre — Historical peer (Died in 2025) (2025): Influential Scottish-American philosopher known for virtue ethics and political theory.
• Alfred Brendel — Historical peer (Died in 2025) (2025): Czech-born Austrian pianist, composer, and scholar renowned for Beethoven.
• Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi — Historical peer (Died in 2026) (2026): Yemeni politician who served as the second President of Yemen from 2012 to 2022.
• Abdullah Ibrahim — Historical peer (Died in 2026) (2026): Pianist and composer, considered the leading figure in the subgenre of Cape jazz.

Frequently Asked Questions about Marrakesh VIP Treaty