Origins & Early Life

Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 – 27 May 1916) was a French military officer, active for most of his career as a military commander and administrator in the French colonies where he wrote several books on colonial affairs. He was recalled from retirement at the beginning of the First World War. As military governor of Paris he played an important role in the First Battle of the Marne, when Maunoury's Sixth Army, which was under his command, attacked the German west flank. A small portion of its strength was rushed to the front in commandeered Paris taxicabs.

Pivotal Works & Achievements

From October 1915 he served as Minister of War, resigning from that post in March 1916 after criticizing the performance of the French Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Joffre (formerly his subordinate, earlier in their careers), during the German attack on Verdun. He died later that year and was made Marshal of France posthumously in 1921. Gallieni was born in 1849 at Saint-Béat, in the department of Haute-Garonne, in the central Pyrenees. He was of Corsican and Italian descent. His father, born in Pogliano Milanese, had risen from the ranks to be a captain.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

As a student, he was educated, hard-working...

Contemporary Figures & Related Historical Timelines

• Alfred von Tirpitz — Contemporary (Born in 1849) (1849): Architect of the modern German battle fleet and naval expansionist.
• August Strindberg — Contemporary (Born in 1849) (1849): Pioneering Swedish literary figure, playwright, and essayist of the late 19th century.
• Basil Zaharoff — Contemporary (Born in 1849) (1849): Greek industrialist and arms dealer, known as a 'merchant of death' in global conflicts.
• Alexander Prokhorov — Contemporary (Born in 1916) (1916): Soviet physicist renowned for foundational work in quantum electronics and laser development.
• Bernard Lewis — Contemporary (Born in 1916) (1916): Influential historian of Near Eastern Studies, specializing in the history of Islam.
• Bernard Smith (art historian) — Contemporary (Born in 1916) (1916): Pioneering Australian art historian shaping the study of colonial visual culture.
• Alejo Carpentier — Shared historical date (04-24 · Died) (1980): Influential Cuban novelist, essayist, and musicologist of the Latin American Boom.
• Barbra Streisand — Shared historical date (04-24 · Born) (1942): Iconic American vocalist and actress known for her powerful voice and enduring career.
• Ajahn Buddhadasa — Shared historical date (05-27 · Born) (1906): Pioneering Thai Buddhist monk known for reinterpreting doctrine and fostering religious reformation.
• Ben Feldman — Shared historical date (05-27 · Born) (1980): American actor known for roles in Superstore, Mad Men, and Silicon Valley.
• 1849 Historical Timeline & Archive — Explore world events and figures from 1849
• April 24 (04-24) On This Day — Historical birthdays and events on April 24
• 1916 Historical Timeline & Archive — Explore world events and figures from 1916
• May 27 (05-27) On This Day — Historical events and memorials on May 27