Origins & Early Life

Eight Deer Jaguar Claw (Mixtec: Iya Nacuaa Teyusi Ñaña), or Eight Deer for brevity, (5 October 1063 - 1115) was a powerful Mixtec ruler in 11th-century Oaxaca referred to in the 15th-century deerskin manuscript Codex Zouche-Nuttall, and other Mixtec manuscripts. His surname is alternatively translated Tiger-Claw and Ocelot-Claw. Born on the Mixtec Calendar date from which he got his name, Eight Deer was the son of the high priest of Tilantongo ♂ Five Alligator Sun Rain and ♀ Eleven Water Bird Jewel. Two of his brothers, Twelve Earthquake Bloody Jaguar and Nine Flower Copal Ball with Arrow, were his faithful war companions.

Pivotal Works & Achievements

He also had a half-sister, Six Lizard Jade Fan. First the fiancée and lover of Eight Deer himself, she was ultimately married to Eight Deer's archenemy Eleven Wind Bloody Jaguar, the king of the city Xipe's Bundle, also known as Red and White Bundle. The lords of Xipe's Bundle had rights to the throne of Tilantongo and were therefore the most important rivals to Eight Deer's power. ♂ Eight Deer is remembered for his military expansion. The Codex Zouche-Nuttall counts 94 cities conquered during his reign.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Almost always pictured wearing a jaguar helmet...

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