Demerara rebellion of 1823

Quick Facts: Who was Demerara rebellion of 1823?

Subject:

Demerara rebellion of 1823

Known for:

A major slave revolt in the British colony of Demerara-Essequibo, aiming for full emancipation.

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Origins & Early Life

The Demerara rebellion of 1823 was an uprising involving between 9,000 and 12,000 slaves that took place in the British colony of Demerara-Essequibo in what is now Guyana. It was led by Jack Gladstone and his father, Quamina. The exact number of how many took part in the uprising is a matter of debate. The rebellion began on 18 August 1823 and lasted for two days. Their goal was full emancipation.

Career & Major Achievements

The uprising was triggered by a widespread but mistaken belief that Parliament had passed a law that abolished slavery and that this was being withheld by the colonial rulers. Instigated chiefly by Jack Gladstone, an enslaved man from the "Success" plantation, the rebellion also involved his father, Quamina, and other senior members of their church group. Its English pastor, John Smith, was implicated. The largely nonviolent rebellion was brutally crushed by the colonists under governor John Murray. They killed many slaves: estimates of the toll from fighting range from 200 to 500 men and women.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

After the insurrection was put down, the government sentenced another 45 men to death, and 27 were executed. The executed enslaved slaves' bodies were displayed in public for months afterwards as a deterrent to others. Jack may have been deported to the island of Saint Lucia after the uprising. John Smith, who had been sentenced to death and was awaiting news of his appeal against a death sentence, died in jail. News of Smith's death strengthened the abolitionist movement in Britain.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1823: 1823 Milestone — The Demerara rebellion of 1823 was an uprising involving between 9,000 and 12,000 slaves that took place in the British colony of Demerara-Essequibo in what is now Guyana.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Demerara rebellion of 1823

True or False: “The rebellion was immediately and completely suppressed by overwhelming military force within hours of its start.”

Answer (FALSE ❌): While brutally crushed, the uprising lasted for two days, indicating a sustained period of resistance rather than an immediate collapse.

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