Darul Islam rebellion

Quick Facts: Who was Darul Islam rebellion?

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Darul Islam rebellion

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Indonesian Islamic militant movement that fought for an Islamic state in Indonesia.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The Darul Islam rebellion (Indonesian: Pemberontakan Darul Islam) was a war waged between 1949 and 1962 by the Islamic State of Indonesia, commonly known as Darul Islam, to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia. The rebellion was launched by Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosoewirjo, a former Indonesian nationalist who refused to recognize the new Republic of Indonesia. Instead, he proclaimed the establishment of the Islamic State of Indonesia on 7 August 1949. Kartosuwirjo led Darul Islam's war against the Indonesian government for 13 years before he was captured by the Indonesian Army in 1962 and executed in 1965. After he was captured, Kartosuwirjo issued orders for his followers to surrender, although some pockets of resistance remained in Southeast Sulawesi until 1965.

Career & Major Achievements

After the Japanese surrendered in 1945, ending World War II, Sukarno proclaimed the independence of Indonesia on 17 August 1945, and became the nation's first president. While the Japanese soon left the former Dutch East Indies, the Dutch returned to reclaim former colonies in 1946. Indonesian militias fought the Dutch for three years in the Indonesian National Revolution. One of the militias—the Siliwangi Division of the Indonesian Army, based in West Java—was led by Kartosuwirjo, who had initially supported the Japanese during their three years of occupation. The Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia signed the Linggadjati Agreement on 25 March 1947.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

The agreement gave the Republic control of the islands of Java, Sumatra and Madura, while the Dutch controlled the other islands. However, the Netherlands broke the agreement by launching Operation Product and invading Indonesian territory, and Kartosuwirjo called for a holy war against the Dutch. Under the Renville Agreement, which the Republic of Indonesia and the Netherlands ratified on 19 January 1948, all Indonesian troops withdrew and moved from West Java to Central Java (Jogja). Kartosuwirjo saw the agreement as a failure of Indonesian diplomatic strategy because it reduced the Republic's sovereignty. He therefore ordered his troops to engage in guerrilla warfare against the Dutch as a holy war to protect Indonesian independence.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1945: 1945 Milestone — After the Japanese surrendered in 1945, ending World War II, Sukarno proclaimed the independence of Indonesia on 17 August 1945, and became the nation's first president.
2. 1946: 1946 Milestone — While the Japanese soon left the former Dutch East Indies, the Dutch returned to reclaim former colonies in 1946.
3. 1947: 1947 Milestone — The Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia signed the Linggadjati Agreement on 25 March 1947.
4. 1948: 1948 Milestone — Under the Renville Agreement, which the Republic of Indonesia and the Netherlands ratified on 19 January 1948, all Indonesian troops withdrew and moved from West Java to Central Java (Jogja).
5. 1949: 1949 Milestone — The Darul Islam rebellion (Indonesian: Pemberontakan Darul Islam) was a war waged between 1949 and 1962 by the Islamic State of Indonesia, commonly known as Darul Islam, to establish an Islamic state in Indonesia.
6. 1962: 1962 Milestone — Kartosuwirjo led Darul Islam's war against the Indonesian government for 13 years before he was captured by the Indonesian Army in 1962 and executed in 1965.
7. 1965: 1965 Milestone — After he was captured, Kartosuwirjo issued orders for his followers to surrender, although some pockets of resistance remained in Southeast Sulawesi until 1965.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Darul Islam rebellion

True or False: “Did the Dutch officially recognize the Republic of Indonesia at the end of the Indonesian National Revolution?”

Answer (TRUE ⭕): The Dutch officially recognized the Republic of Indonesia following the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference in 1949.

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