Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland

Quick Facts: Who was Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland?

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Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland

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The 12th-century invasion that began the Anglo-Norman presence in Ireland.

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2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

The Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland took place during the late 12th century, when Anglo-Normans gradually conquered and acquired large swathes of land in Ireland over which the kings of England then claimed sovereignty. The Anglo-Normans claimed the invasion was sanctioned by the papal bull Laudabiliter. At the time of the invasion, Gaelic Ireland consisted of several kingdoms, with a High King claiming lordship over most of the other kings. The Anglo-Norman invasion was a watershed in Ireland's history, marking the beginning of over 800 years of British presence in Ireland. In May 1169, Anglo-Norman mercenaries landed in Ireland at the request of Diarmait mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurragh), the deposed King of Leinster, who sought their help in regaining his kingship.

Career & Major Achievements

They achieved this within weeks and raided neighbouring kingdoms. This military intervention was sanctioned by King Henry II of England. In return, Diarmait had sworn loyalty to Henry and promised land to the Normans. In 1170, there were further Norman landings, led by the Earl of Pembroke, Richard "Strongbow" de Clare. They seized the important Norse-Irish towns of Dublin and Waterford, and Strongbow married Diarmait's daughter Aoífe.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Diarmait died in May 1171, and Strongbow claimed Leinster, which Diarmait had promised him. Led by High King Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair (Rory O'Conor), a coalition of most of the Irish kingdoms besieged Dublin, while Norman-held Waterford and Wexford were also attacked. However, the Normans managed to hold most of their territory. In October 1171, King Henry landed with a large army to assert control over both the Anglo-Normans and the Irish. This intervention was supported by the Roman Catholic Church, who saw it as a means of ensuring Irish religious reform, and a source of taxes.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 1169: 1169 Milestone — In May 1169, Anglo-Norman mercenaries landed in Ireland at the request of Diarmait mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurragh), the deposed King of Leinster, who sought their help in regaining his kingship.
2. 1170: 1170 Milestone — In 1170, there were further Norman landings, led by the Earl of Pembroke, Richard "Strongbow" de Clare.
3. 1171: 1171 Milestone — Diarmait died in May 1171, and Strongbow claimed Leinster, which Diarmait had promised him.

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland

True or False: “Did the initial Norman landings in May 1169 occur without any direct request from an existing Irish ruler?”

Answer (FALSE ❌): The mercenaries landed at the explicit request of Diarmait mac Murchada (Dermot MacMurragh), the deposed King of Leinster.

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