Agriculture in Mesoamerica

Quick Facts: Who was Agriculture in Mesoamerica?

Subject:

Agriculture in Mesoamerica

Known for:

The development of agriculture in Mesoamerica from nomadic hunting to settled farming.

Verified Source:

2Day Chrono-Wiki & Primary Historical Archives

Origins & Early Life

Agriculture in Mesoamerica dates to the Archaic period of Mesoamerican chronology (8000–2000 BC). At the beginning of the Archaic period, the Early Hunters of the late Pleistocene era (50,000–10,000 BC) led nomadic lifestyles, relying on hunting and gathering for sustenance. However, the nomadic lifestyle that dominated the late Pleistocene and the early Archaic slowly transitioned into a more sedentary lifestyle as the hunter-gatherer micro-bands in the region began to cultivate wild plants. The cultivation of these plants provided security to the Mesoamericans, allowing them to increase surplus of "starvation foods" near seasonal camps; this surplus could be utilized when hunting was bad, during times of drought, and when resources were low. The cultivation of plants could have been started purposefully, or by accident.

Career & Major Achievements

The former could have been done by bringing a wild plant closer to a camp site, or to a frequented area, so it was easier to access and collect. The latter could have happened as certain plant seeds were eaten and not fully digested, causing these plants to grow wherever human habitation would take them. As the Archaic period progressed, cultivation of plant foods became increasingly important to the people of Mesoamerica. The reliability of cultivated plants allowed hunting and gathering micro-bands to establish permanent settlements and to increase in size. These larger settlements required a greater quantity of food, consequently leading to an even greater reliance on domesticated crops.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

Eventually, the Mesoamerican people established a sedentary lifestyle based on plant domestication and cultivation, supplemented with small game hunting. This sedentary lifestyle reliant on agriculture allowed permanent settlements to grow into villages and provided the opportunity for division of labor and social stratification. The most important plant in ancient Mesoamerica, was, unarguably, maize. Squash and beans were also important staples of the ancient Mesoamerican agricultural diet and along with maize, are often referred to as the "Three Sisters". Another important crop in Mesoamerican agriculture is squash.

Chronological Milestones & Life Events

1. 2000: 2000 Milestone — Agriculture in Mesoamerica dates to the Archaic period of Mesoamerican chronology (8000–2000 BC).

Historical Fact-Check Quiz: Agriculture in Mesoamerica

True or False: “Did the early cultivation of plants in Mesoamerica begin with large-scale, planned agricultural projects?”

Answer (FALSE ❌): The initial transition was gradual, occurring either by accident (seeds being eaten) or by bringing wild plants near habitation sites.

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Frequently Asked Questions about Agriculture in Mesoamerica