Origins & Early Life

Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak (14 January 1551 – 22 August 1602), also known as Abul Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami, was an Indian writer, historian, and politician who served as the grand vizier of the Mughal Empire from his appointment in 1579, until his death in 1602. His notable works include the Akbarnama, Ain-i-Akbari, and a Persian translation of the Bible. Abul Fazl is often referred to as one of the Nine Jewels (Hindi: नवरत्न, romanized: Navaratna, lit. 'nine jewels') of Akbar's royal court and the brother of Faizi, the poet laureate of Emperor Akbar.

Pivotal Works & Achievements

Shaikh Abul Fazl ibn Mubarak was born in Agra in 1551, the son of Shaikh Mubarak. Mubarak was born in Nagaur but had moved to Agra in 1543. His own father, Fazl's grandfather, Shaikh Khizr, had moved from Sindh to Nagaur in the 15th–16th century, Nagaur had attained importance as a Sufi mystic centre under Shaikh Hamid-ud-din Sufi Sawali, a khalifa of Shaikh Mu'in ad-Din Chishti of Ajmer. At Nagaur, Shaikh Khizr settled near the tomb of Shaikh Hamid-ud-din. Fazl's ancestors hailed from Yemen and traced their lineage to Shaikh Musa, who had emigrated to Sind some six generations earlier.

Enduring Legacy & Impact

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